Understanding the Basics of Utility Patents
By Babak Akhlaghi on May 10, 2024.
Navigating the world of patents can be complex. Especially when it comes to understanding the specifics of utility patents.
This article aims to simplify the concept. We’ll delve into what utility patents are, how they differ from design patents, and how to interpret a utility patent sample.
Whether you’re an inventor, entrepreneur, or simply curious about intellectual property, this guide will provide a clear understanding of the basics of utility patents.
What is a Utility Patent?
A utility patent is a form of intellectual property protection. It safeguards new and useful processes, machines, articles of manufacture, or compositions of matter. This includes computer and software inventions, if not performing something abstract such as processing mathematical algorithms or performing activities that could otherwise be performed by humans. Generally, inventions implemented by a computer that could be done by mind or hand, even if inefficient to do so, are not patentable because considered too abstract.
The key requirement for a utility patent is that the invention must be novel, non-obvious, and useful. This means it must be a new invention and is not an obvious variation of an existing technology.
Holding a utility patent grants the owner exclusive rights to the invention for up to 20 years from the filing date. This prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without permission.
Utility Patents vs. Design Patents
Utility patents and design patents serve different purposes. While a utility patent protects the way an invention works, a design patent protects the way an invention looks.
The key difference lies in the functionality. A utility patent covers the functional aspects of an invention, whereas a design patent covers the ornamental design.
Therefore, inventors may choose to apply for both types of patents to fully protect their invention.
Types of Inventions Covered by Utility Patents
Utility patents cover a wide range of inventions. They are not limited to physical products, but also include processes and methods.
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) recognizes five categories of inventions that can be protected by a utility patent:
- Processes
- Machines
- Articles of manufacture
- Compositions of matter
- Improvements thereof
These categories encompass virtually all types of inventions, from software algorithms to chemical compounds.
The Application Process for a Utility Patent
Applying for a utility patent involves several steps. The first is conducting a thorough patent search to ensure your invention is novel.
Next, you prepare a detailed application. This includes a written description of the invention and, often, drawings. The application must also include claims that define the scope of the invention’s protection. Care must be taken in the application to ensure that the invention is thoroughly described, said to require enough technical detail to enable a person skilled in the technology to which the application pertains to make and use the invention. The application will normally contain up to 20 claims, which are covered by the application filing fee, although a greater number of claims is permitted at increased fee.
Once submitted, the USPTO reviews the application. This process can take several years and will involve correspondence with the patent examiner. The examiner or an administrator at the USPTO will make an initial review of the application to confirm that formal requirements have been met. The examiner may issue a “restriction requirement” if the application is found to claim more than one examinable invention. If so, examination of only one invention which you will select is made; the remaining inventions must be handled in “divisional applications” filed with additional filing fees at any time until the current application completes.
The examiner will next carry out a search of prior art based on the claims of the application. The examiner ordinarily will issue an “office action,” often with an initial rejection based on prior art, or based on claim indefiniteness, disclosure shortcomings or failure to comply with the formal requirements. This topic was covered in our earlier posts.
Benefits and Rights of Holding a Utility Patent
Holding a utility patent offers several benefits. The most significant is market exclusivity for your invention.
This exclusivity typically lasts for 20 years. It can deter competitors and establish a strong market position.
Moreover, you can license or sell your patent. This can be a lucrative way to monetize your invention.
References: The image is by Hoyoun Lee (https://unsplash.com/@icedcocoa)